Urologists diagnose and treat diseases of the urinary tract in both men and women. They also diagnose and treat anything involving the reproductive tract in men.
In some cases, they may perform surgery. For example, they may remove cancer or open up a blockage in the urinary tract. Urologists work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, private clinics, and urology centers.
The urinary tract is the system that creates, stores, and removes urine from the body. Urologists can treat any part of this system.

Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on diseases of the urinary tract and the male reproductive tract. Some urologists treat general diseases of the urinary tract. Others specialize in a particular type of urology, such as:

• Female urology which focuses on conditions of a woman’s reproductive and urinary tract
• Male infertility which focuses on problems that prevent a man from conceiving a baby with his partner
• Neurourology which focuses on urinary problems due to conditions of the nervous system
• Pediatric urology which focuses on urinary problems in children
• Urologic oncology which focuses on cancers of the urinary system, including the bladder, kidneys, prostate, and testicles

Most men should begin their annual screenings age 50. However, if you have a family history of prostate cancer or if you're African American, you should begin screenings at age 40.

If you are experiencing any of the following symptoms, you may need to be examined by a urologist: Frequent urination, Blood in urine, Burning or discomfort when urinating.

The urologist may want to check blood counts, kidney function, or test PSA (prostate-specific antigen) or testosterone levels. Your urologist may order imaging studies. This can include sonography of the kidneys, the bladder, and/or the prostate; or an imaging scan to visualize specific organs.

Urine can be tested for particular proteins, sugars, hormones or other chemicals, certain bacteria and its acidity or alkalinity. Doctors can also tell a lot from how your urine looks and smells.

Examination focusing on your genitals (penis and testicles) is often done to check for ED. Based on your age and risk factors, the exam may also focus on your heart and blood system: heart, peripheral pulses and blood pressure. Based on your age and family history your doctor may do a rectal exam to check the prostate.

The first visit to a urologist begins the process of determining the cause and best treatment course for the urological condition. Typically, the urologist will initially review the patient's full medical history, and especially in relation to past urological issues.

There are a variety of things that cause urinary incontinence, some of them being: diabetes, childbirth, weakened bladder muscles or sphincter muscles, spinal cord injury, certain diseases, and even severe constipation. Oftentimes, simple lifestyle changes can help get urinary incontinence under control.

You can take these steps to reduce your risk of urinary tract infections:

• Drink plenty of liquids, especially water.
• Drink cranberry juice.
• Wipe from front to back..
• Empty your bladder soon after intercourse.
• Avoid potentially irritating feminine products.
• Change your birth control method.